1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
|
diff --git a/snscrape/modules/twitter.py b/snscrape/modules/twitter.py
index d1719a8..5892340 100644
--- a/snscrape/modules/twitter.py
+++ b/snscrape/modules/twitter.py
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ import typing
import urllib.parse
import urllib3.util.ssl_
import warnings
+import hashlib
_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -99,10 +100,12 @@ _API_AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = 'Bearer AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANRILgAAAAAAnNwIzUejRCOu
_globalGuestTokenManager = None
_GUEST_TOKEN_VALIDITY = 10800
_CIPHERS_CHROME = 'TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA'
+_AGE_RESTRICTED_MSG = 'Age-restricted adult content. This content might not be appropriate for people under 18 years old. To view this media, you’ll need to log in to Twitter. Learn more'
@dataclasses.dataclass
class Tweet(snscrape.base.Item):
+ rawResponses: typing.Dict[str, str]
url: str
date: datetime.datetime
rawContent: str
@@ -793,17 +796,23 @@ class _TwitterAPIType(enum.Enum):
V2 = 0 # Introduced with the redesign
GRAPHQL = 1
+class _TwitterAPIAuthType(enum.Enum):
+ GUEST_TOKEN = 0
+ OAUTH2 = 1
class _TwitterAPIScraper(snscrape.base.Scraper):
- def __init__(self, baseUrl, *, guestTokenManager = None, maxEmptyPages = 0, **kwargs):
+ def __init__(self, baseUrl, *, guestTokenManager = None, maxEmptyPages = 0, cookies = None, **kwargs):
super().__init__(**kwargs)
self._baseUrl = baseUrl
- if guestTokenManager is None:
+ self._syndicationUrl = 'https://cdn.syndication.twimg.com/tweet?id='
+ self._authType = _TwitterAPIAuthType.OAUTH2
+ if self._authType == _TwitterAPIAuthType.GUEST_TOKEN and guestTokenManager is None:
global _globalGuestTokenManager
if _globalGuestTokenManager is None:
_globalGuestTokenManager = GuestTokenManager()
guestTokenManager = _globalGuestTokenManager
self._guestTokenManager = guestTokenManager
+ self._cookies = cookies
self._maxEmptyPages = maxEmptyPages
self._apiHeaders = {
'Authorization': _API_AUTHORIZATION_HEADER,
@@ -813,6 +822,11 @@ class _TwitterAPIScraper(snscrape.base.Scraper):
adapter = _TwitterTLSAdapter()
self._session.mount('https://twitter.com', adapter)
self._session.mount('https://api.twitter.com', adapter)
+ if self._authType == _TwitterAPIAuthType.OAUTH2:
+ self._ensure_oauth()
+ self._lastResponse = None
+ self._lastResponseHash = None
+ self._lastSentResponseHash = None
def _check_guest_token_response(self, r):
if r.status_code != 200:
@@ -820,6 +834,8 @@ class _TwitterAPIScraper(snscrape.base.Scraper):
return True, None
def _ensure_guest_token(self, url = None):
+ if not self._guestTokenManager:
+ return
if self._guestTokenManager.token is None:
_logger.info('Retrieving guest token')
r = self._get(self._baseUrl if url is None else url, responseOkCallback = self._check_guest_token_response)
@@ -843,18 +859,42 @@ class _TwitterAPIScraper(snscrape.base.Scraper):
self._apiHeaders['x-guest-token'] = self._guestTokenManager.token
def _unset_guest_token(self, blockUntil):
+ if not self._guestTokenManager:
+ return
self._guestTokenManager.reset(blockUntil = blockUntil)
del self._session.cookies['gt']
del self._apiHeaders['x-guest-token']
+ def _ensure_oauth(self):
+ if not self._cookies:
+ return
+ for k, v in self._cookies.items():
+ self._session.cookies.set(k, v, domain = '.twitter.com', path = '/', secure = True)
+ self._apiHeaders['x-csrf-token'] = self._session.cookies.get('ct0')
+ self._apiHeaders['x-twitter-active-user'] = 'yes'
+ self._apiHeaders['x-twitter-auth-type'] = 'OAuth2Session'
+ self._apiHeaders['x-twitter-client-language'] = 'en'
+
+ def _ensure_auth_updated(self, url = None):
+ if self._authType == _TwitterAPIAuthType.OAUTH2:
+ self._ensure_oauth()
+ else:
+ self._ensure_guest_token(url)
+
def _check_api_response(self, r, apiType, instructionsPath):
if r.status_code in (403, 404, 429):
+ currentTime = time.time()
if r.status_code == 429 and r.headers.get('x-rate-limit-remaining', '') == '0' and 'x-rate-limit-reset' in r.headers:
- blockUntil = min(int(r.headers['x-rate-limit-reset']), int(time.time()) + 900)
+ blockUntil = min(int(r.headers['x-rate-limit-reset']), int(currentTime) + 900)
+ else:
+ blockUntil = int(currentTime) + 300
+ if self._authType == _TwitterAPIAuthType.GUEST_TOKEN:
+ self._unset_guest_token(blockUntil)
+ self._ensure_guest_token()
else:
- blockUntil = int(time.time()) + 300
- self._unset_guest_token(blockUntil)
- self._ensure_guest_token()
+ blockFor = (blockUntil - currentTime) * (int(r.headers.get('x-rate-limit-remaining', '0')) + 1)
+ _logger.warn(f'Got too many requests, blocking for {blockFor} seconds ({r.headers['x-rate-limit-reset']}) ({r.headers.get('x-rate-limit-remaining', '0')})')
+ time.sleep(blockFor)
return False, f'blocked ({r.status_code})'
if r.headers.get('content-type', '').replace(' ', '') != 'application/json;charset=utf-8':
return False, 'content type is not JSON'
@@ -868,6 +908,11 @@ class _TwitterAPIScraper(snscrape.base.Scraper):
r._snscrapeObj = obj
if apiType is _TwitterAPIType.GRAPHQL and 'errors' in obj:
msg = 'Twitter responded with an error: ' + ', '.join(f'{e["name"]}: {e["message"]}' for e in obj['errors'])
+ blockFor = 10.0
+ _logger.warn(f'Got errors waiting for {blockFor} seconds')
+ time.sleep(blockFor)
+ return False, msg
+ '''
instructions = obj
for k in instructionsPath:
instructions = instructions.get(k, {})
@@ -877,13 +922,23 @@ class _TwitterAPIScraper(snscrape.base.Scraper):
return True, None
else:
return False, msg
+ '''
return True, None
def _get_api_data(self, endpoint, apiType, params, instructionsPath = None):
- self._ensure_guest_token()
+ self._ensure_auth_updated()
if apiType is _TwitterAPIType.GRAPHQL:
params = urllib.parse.urlencode({k: json.dumps(v, separators = (',', ':')) for k, v in params.items()}, quote_via = urllib.parse.quote)
r = self._get(endpoint, params = params, headers = self._apiHeaders, responseOkCallback = functools.partial(self._check_api_response, apiType = apiType, instructionsPath = instructionsPath))
+ if self._authType == _TwitterAPIAuthType.OAUTH2:
+ csrf = r.cookies.get('ct0')
+ if csrf:
+ _logger.warn('Response contained updated csrf token')
+ self._apiHeaders['x-csrf-token'] = csrf
+ self._lastResponse = r._snscrapeObj
+ hasher = hashlib.new('sha256')
+ hasher.update(json.dumps(self._lastResponse).encode('utf-8'))
+ self._lastResponseHash = hasher.hexdigest()
return r._snscrapeObj
def _iter_api_data(self, endpoint, apiType, params, paginationParams = None, cursor = None, direction = _ScrollDirection.BOTTOM, instructionsPath = None):
@@ -988,8 +1043,50 @@ class _TwitterAPIScraper(snscrape.base.Scraper):
def _get_tweet_id(self, tweet):
return tweet['id'] if 'id' in tweet else int(tweet['id_str'])
+ def _entry_is_age_restricted(self, entry):
+ if entry['entryId'].startswith('tombstone-') and entry['content']['entryType'] == 'TimelineTimelineItem':
+ if entry['content']['itemContent']['tombstoneInfo']['richText']['text'] == _AGE_RESTRICTED_MSG:
+ return True
+ return False
+
+ # Can we parse out more data here?
+ def _syndication_make_tweet(self, tweet):
+ tweetId = self._get_tweet_id(tweet)
+ kwargs = {}
+ kwargs['rawResponses'] = {
+ 'detached_api' : json.dumps(tweet)
+ }
+ kwargs['id'] = tweetId
+ kwargs['rawContent'] = tweet['text']
+ kwargs['renderedContent'] = ''
+ username = tweet['user']['screen_name']
+ kwargs['user'] = User(id = int(tweet['user']['id_str']), username = username, displayname = tweet['user']['name'])
+ kwargs['date'] = datetime.datetime.strptime(tweet['created_at'], '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ')
+ kwargs['replyCount'] = tweet['conversation_count']
+ kwargs['retweetCount'] = 0
+ kwargs['quoteCount'] = 0
+ kwargs['conversationId'] = 0
+ kwargs['lang'] = tweet['lang']
+ kwargs['source'] = ''
+ kwargs['url'] = f'https://twitter.com/{username}/status/{tweetId}'
+ kwargs['likeCount'] = tweet['favorite_count']
+ media = []
+ for p in tweet['photos']:
+ media.append(Photo(previewUrl = '', fullUrl = p['url']))
+ kwargs['media'] = media
+ return Tweet(**kwargs)
+
+
def _make_tweet(self, tweet, user, retweetedTweet = None, quotedTweet = None, card = None, noteTweet = None, **kwargs):
tweetId = self._get_tweet_id(tweet)
+ kwargs['rawResponses'] = {
+ 'hash': self._lastResponseHash,
+ 'tweet': json.dumps(tweet),
+ 'user': user.json()
+ }
+ if not self._lastSentResponseHash or self._lastResponseHash != self._lastSentResponseHash:
+ kwargs['rawResponses']['detached_api'] = json.dumps(self._lastResponse)
+ self._lastSentResponseHash = self._lastResponseHash
kwargs['id'] = tweetId
if noteTweet and 'text' in noteTweet:
kwargs['rawContent'] = noteTweet['text']
@@ -1005,9 +1102,9 @@ class _TwitterAPIScraper(snscrape.base.Scraper):
kwargs['date'] = email.utils.parsedate_to_datetime(tweet['created_at'])
if links:
kwargs['links'] = [TextLink(
- text = u.get('display_url'),
- url = u['expanded_url'],
- tcourl = u['url'],
+ text = u.get('display_url', ''),
+ url = u.get('expanded_url', ''),
+ tcourl = u.get('url', ''),
indices = tuple(u['indices']),
) for u in links]
kwargs['url'] = f'https://twitter.com/{getattr(user, "username", "i/web")}/status/{tweetId}'
@@ -1789,7 +1886,7 @@ class TwitterUserScraper(TwitterSearchScraper):
self._baseUrl = f'https://twitter.com/{self._user}' if not self._isUserId else f'https://twitter.com/i/user/{self._user}'
def _get_entity(self):
- self._ensure_guest_token()
+ self._ensure_auth_updated()
if not self._isUserId:
fieldName = 'screen_name'
endpoint = 'https://twitter.com/i/api/graphql/pVrmNaXcxPjisIvKtLDMEA/UserByScreenName'
|